Retrospective Cohort Study: Rheumatoid Arthritis Linked to Over 50% Increased Lung Cancer Risk, with a Three-Fold Risk in RA-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease – Arthritis Rheumatol
Study Design and Population: This retrospective matched cohort study examined the risk of lung cancer in 72,795 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 757 patients with RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) from the Veterans Health Administration database, compared with 633,937 non-RA controls. The study spanned from 2000 to 2019, with patients matched on age, gender, […]
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Retrospective Study: AI Tool Accurately Excludes Pathology in Up to 52.7% of Unremarkable Chest Radiographs with Low Critical Misses – Radiology
Study Design and Population: This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of a commercial AI tool in correctly identifying unremarkable chest radiographs, thus potentially reducing the workload in radiology departments. The study analyzed 1,961 chest radiographs from adult patients (median age: 72 years) across four Danish hospitals. The radiographs were labeled as remarkable or unremarkable by […]
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RCT: Azithromycin Increases Asthma Remission Rates in Adults With Persistent Uncontrolled Asthma
Study Design and Population: This secondary analysis stems from the Asthma and Macrolides: Azithromycin Efficacy and Safety (AMAZES) trial, a randomized, double-anonymized, placebo-controlled trial. The study involved 335 adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma, who were treated with either azithromycin (500 mg, 3 times weekly) or placebo for 12 months. The goal was to evaluate azithromycin’s […]
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RCT: 24-Hour Oxygen Therapy Does Not Reduce Hospitalization or Mortality Compared to 15-Hour Therapy in Severe Hypoxemia
Study Design and Population: This multicenter, registry-based randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 24-hour versus 15-hour daily oxygen therapy in 241 patients with chronic, severe hypoxemia. Patients, recruited between 2018 and 2022, were assigned to either 24 hours (117 patients) or 15 hours (124 patients) of oxygen therapy daily. The study’s primary outcome was […]
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M-A | Catheter-directed thrombolysis vs. systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation in intermediate- or high-risk pulmonary embolism
Catheter-directed thrombolysis compared with systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation in patients with intermediate- or high-risk pulmonary embolism: systematic review and network meta-analysis – Canadian Medical Association Journal
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AHA Scientific Statement | Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease
Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation: Heart Failure Commentary: It’s Classified: The Complexity of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease – American Heart Association
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RCT | Cytisinicline shows significant efficacy in smoking cessation over placebo
Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text) See also: Visual Abstract News Release: First large US clinical trial of cytisinicline finds the smoking cessation medication effective and well tolerated – Massachusetts General Hospital
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M-A | Adjunctive corticosteroids improve survival, clinical outcomes in severe community-acquired pneumonia
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials – Critical Care Related: Corticosteroids in Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: a Systematic Review, Pairwise and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis – Journal of General Internal Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one) RCT | Hydrocortisone reduces mortality […]
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M-A | Drug therapies for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Drug therapies for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review, Bayesian network meta-analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis – eClinicalMedicine
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Consensus Statement | Aerosol therapy in adult critically ill patients
Aerosol therapy in adult critically ill patients: a consensus statement regarding aerosol administration strategies during various modes of respiratory support – Annals of Intensive Care
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