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Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) is a known and established phenomenon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no data regarding osteoporosis/osteopenia in COPD patients in India.

AIM: To look for the degree and frequency of osteoporosis/osteopenia in our OPD patients being diagnosed as COPD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven randomly selected patients with COPD were assessed for BMD with commercially available ultrasound bone densitometer (HOLOGIC SAHARA) in a pulmonary OPD. Some cofactors for reduced BMD were also noted.

RESULTS: Out of the 37 COPD (all belonging to the GOLD III/IV category) patients studied, the BMD was found to be normal in 10 (27%) patients, while 27 (73%) patients were found to have osteopenia/osteoporosis [19 (51.35%) and 8 (21.62%) patients having osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively].

CONCLUSION: Frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia was found to be very high (73%) in our population of advanced COPD. The data suggest a need for further in-depth study regarding the issue.

Tuberculosis Drug Development: Ensuring People Living with HIV are not Left Behind.

Authors: Luetkemeyer AF, Getahun H, Chamie G, Lienhardt C, Havlir DV Abstract An unprecedented number of new tuberculosis medications are currently in development, and there will be great pressure to deploy these new drugs among all populations after their efficacy is demonstrated. People living with HIV experience a large burden of TB and have a particularly pressing need for TB treatments that are shorter and less toxic. In addition, all people living with HIV now require antiretroviral therapy during TB treatment. A roadmap of the research, programmatic and regulatory considerations include the following a) inclusion of people living with HIV early in clinical trials for treatment and prevention using new TB medications, b) prioritization of key studies of HIV-TB drug interactio...

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Systemic Hypertension: Longitudinal Study in the General Population.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not suggest an association between OSA and the incidence of SH in the middle-aged general population. Long-term follow-up longitudinal studies are needed to better ascertain this association. PMID: 21868499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

Commonly Prescribed Antibiotic Reduces Acute COPD Attacks

A common antibiotic added to the usual treatment plan for some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can reduce acute exacerbations sudden onsets of worsened cough, wheezing and labored breathing and improve quality of life, according to findings from the COPD Clinical Research Network reported in the Aug. 25, 2011, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. The Lung Health Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is one of the 10 sites participating in the COPD Clinical Research Network... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, an anesthesiologist's perspective: Physiology and principles. Part 1.

Authors: Chauhan S, Subin S Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an adaptation of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass techniques to provide cardiopulmonary support. ECMO provides physiologic cardiopulmonary support to aid reversible aspects of the disease process and to allow recovery. ECMO does not provide treatment of the underlying disease. The indications for ECMO support have expanded from acute respiratory failure to acute cardiac failure refractory to conventional treatments from wide patient subsets involving neonates to adults. Vascular access for ECMO support is either percutaneous through a single-site, dual-lumen bicaval cannula or transthoracic via separate cannulas. The modes of support are either veno-venous or veno-arterial ECMO. In this article, t...

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