Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood. The role of interleukin (IL)-4, the archetypal T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine, in the immunopathogenesis of human tuberculosis remains unclear.
Blood and/or
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduced lung cancer mortality by 20% [1]. Lung cancer screening was subsequently recommended by the US Preventive
In this study, our expert panel achieved consensus on 20 items that can be used to guide supplemental oxygen use in patients with fibrotic ILD. We further identified several areas where respondents were unsure or where consensus could not be met, suggesting future areas where research efforts should be focused. Finally, we identified discrepancies between scenarios where clinicians would recommend oxygen and poor patient access, based on regional funding criteria or testing requirements.
Conflict of interest: R. Wise reports grants and personal fees for data monitoring committee work and consultancy from AstraZeneca/Medimmune and GSK, grants and personal fees for data monitoring and steering committee work
Although broad knowledge of influenza viral pneumonia has been established, the significance of non-influenza respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear, especially in