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Management of Sleep Apnea without High Pretest Probability or with Comorbidities by Three Nights of Portable Sleep Monitoring

Conclusions:Three consecutive nights of portable monitoring at home evaluated by a qualified sleep specialist is useful for the management of patients without high pretest probability of obstructive sleep apnea or with comorbidities.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, registration number: NCT01820156 Citation: Guerrero A, Embid C, Isetta V, Farre R, Duran-Cantolla J, Parra O, Barbé F, Montserrat JM, Masa JF. Management of sleep apnea without high pretest probability or with comorbidities by three nights of portable sleep monitoring. SLEEP 2014;37(8):1363-1373. (Source: Sleep)

Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first published in a policy statement in 1998. Guidance initially was based on the result from a single randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 1996–1997 describing an overall reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 10.6% among placebo recipients to 4.8% among children who received prophylaxis. The results of a second randomized, placebo-controlled trial of children with hemodynamically significant heart disease were published in 2003 and revealed a reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 9.7% in control subjects to 5.3% among prophylaxis recipients. Because no additional controlled trials regarding efficacy were publishe...

The Epidemiology and Aetiology of Infections in Children Admitted with Clinical Severe Pneumonia to a University Hospital in Rabat, Morocco

Conclusions: In Morocco, the epidemiological profile of paediatric acute respiratory infections is markedly shifted towards wheezing-related diseases and thus resembles that of high-income countries. However, the high associated CFRs found in this study call for an improvement in preventive and clinical management strategies.

Diagnostic Performance of ST2 for Differentiating Cardiogenic versus Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Patients Presenting to the Intensive Care Unit with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

ST2 is an interleukin receptor that is upregulated in response to myocardial strain, has a circulating form, and has prognostic value in acute dyspnea and heart failure. The utility of ST2 for predicting invasive hemodynamics and differentiating the cause of hypoxic respiratory failure between cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown. (Source: Journal of Cardiac Failure)

Interrelated role of cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, and immune response in COPD and corresponding treatments

tabagisme1Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Accordingly, the most significant risk factor associated with COPD is exposure to cigarette smoke. The purpose of the present study is to provide an updated overview of the literature regarding the effect of CS on the immune system and lungs, the mechanism of CS-induced COPD and oxidative stress, as well as the available and potential treatment options for CS-induced COPD.

An extensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed/Medline databases to review current COPD treatment research, available in the English language, dating from 1976 to 2014. Studies have inv...

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