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A Systemic Review of Resistance Mechanisms and Ongoing Clinical Trials in ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

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The identification of oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to a paradigm shift and the development of specific molecular treatments. Tumors harboring a rearranged EML4-ALK fusion oncogene are highly sensitive to therapy with ALK-targeted inhibitors. Crizotinib is the first approved treatment for advanced lung tumors containing this genetic abnormality.

In this mini review, we discuss the existing data on crizotinib as well as ongoing trials involving this medication. A brief overview of the known resistance mechanisms to crizotinib will also be presented followed by a summary of the ongoing trials involving next-generation ALK-inhibitors or other targeted therapies in patients with ALK+ NSCLC.

The evolution of the hygiene hypothesis: the role of early-life exposures to viruses and microbes and their relationship to asthma and allergic diseases.

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bacteriaPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of asthma and allergic diseases is expanding, due in part to sequencing advances that have led to the identification of new viral strains such as human rhinovirus strain C (HRV-C) and the human microbiome project.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have identified new ways in which viral and microbial exposures in early life interact with host genetic background/variants to modify the risk for developing asthma and allergic diseases. Recent research suggests that HRV-C is the main pathogenic agent associated with infant wheeze, hospitalizations and likely the subsequent development of asthma. Pulmonary He MRI suggests that HRV infection in early childhood and subsequent immune responses initiate airway remodeling. Numerous studies of the microbiome indicate that intestinal and airway microbiome diversity and composition contribute to the cause of asthma and allergic diseases.

SUMMARY: Susceptibility to asthma and allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic variants and environmental exposures (bacteria, viruses, smoking, and pet ownership), alteration of our microbiome and potentially large-scale manipulation of the environment over the past century.

Talc Pleurodesis vs. Partial Pleurectomy: British Researchers Cite Mixed Results

There is no long-term survival advantage to the more-complex, video-assisted thoracoscopic partial pleurectomy (VATPP), but it can offer a significant quality-of-life improvement over the less-invasive talc pleurodesis, according to a recent study of mesothelioma patients in the United Kingdom. Both can alleviate fluid buildup between the lungs and the thin lining surrounding them, a common problem with pleural mesothelioma, creating a debate over which procedure is more appropriate. The study showed the talc pleurodesis (which contains a solution of hydrated magnesium silicate and varying amounts of calcium, aluminum, and iron) will reduce the hospital stay, the occurrence of complications and costs, along with providing similar survival rates. But patients who underwent the more invasive...

Mandible behaviour interpretation during wakefulness, sleep and sleep-disordered breathing.

This study aimed to assess (1) the training of independent scorers to recognize the signal specificities; (2) intrascorer reproducibility and (3) interscorer variability. MM was collected in the mid-sagittal plane of the face of 40 patients. The typical MM was extracted and classified into seven distinct pattern classes: active wakefulness (AW), quiet wakefulness or quiet sleep (QW/S), sleep snoring (SS), sleep obstructive events (OAH), sleep mixed apnea (MA), respiratory related arousal (RERA) and sleep central events (CAH). Four scorers were trained; their diagnostic capacities were assessed on two reading sessions. The intra- and interscorer agreements were assessed using Cohen's κ. Intrascorer reproducibility for the two sessions ranged from 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0....

Benefits of E-Cigarettes May Outweigh Harms, Study Finds

Title: Benefits of E-Cigarettes May Outweigh Harms, Study FindsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 7/30/2014 7:36:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 7/31/2014 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

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