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The intestinal microbiota and allergic asthma.

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The intestinal microbiota and allergic asthma.

J Infect. 2014 Sep 25;

Authors: Arrieta MC, Finlay B

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that environmental changes are involved in the sharp increase in asthma incidence, as well as with other immune-mediated diseases. This increase matches the introduction of modern life advances such as antibiotics and caesarean sections. Several epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence that a lack of exposure to microbes early in life is associated with later development of allergic asthma. In addition, animal studies have shown that early life modulation of the intestinal microbiota with antibiotics has profound effects in the immune cellular mechanisms that lead to asthma. By describing some of the most relevant human and animal studies in this field, we explore the concept that significant perturbations of the intestinal and perhaps the lung microbiota are a cause of allergic asthma.

PMID: 25264162 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Pulmonary physiology: Future directions for lung function testing in COPD

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term that encompasses different pathological conditions having excessive airflow limitation in common. A wide body of knowledge has been accumulated over the last century explaining the mechanisms by which airway (chronic bronchitis) and parenchymal (emphysema) diseases lead to an indistinguishable spirometric abnormality. Although the definition of emphysema is anatomical, early studies showed that its presence can be inferred with good approximation from measurements of lung mechanics and gas exchange, in addition to simple spirometry. Studies using tests of ventilation distribution showed that abnormalities are present in smokers with normal spirometry, although these tests were not predictive of development of COPD. At the begi...

Derivation and validation of a CT scoring system for discriminating malignant from benign pleural effusions.

Conclusions:A simple CT-based scoring system can help physicians to separate malignant from benign pleural effusions. Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) has become an integral part of the work-up for undiagnosed pleural effusions. We aimed to develop a CT scan-based scoring system for differentiating between benign and malignant pleural effusions. Methods: A number of chest CT abnormalities were compared between 228 patients with benign and 115 with malignant effusions (derivation cohort). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of malignancy and generate CT scores, with more points assigned to those findings associated with higher β-coefficient values. The diagnostic accuracy of the CT scoring system was calculated for the derivation...

Effect of CPAP on Long-Term Mortality in Overlap Syndrome: Is Hypercapnic the Best Appropriate Determinant?

Abstract Overlap syndrome and represents a complex clinical condition in pulmonary medicine. We discuss in this letter factors related with mortality after long-term effects CPAP and key differences between hypercapnic versus hypoxemic overlap patients. (Source: Lung)

EGFR Mutation Testing Practice in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Conclusions EGFR testing is requested in Israel routinely by most treating Oncologists for all advanced NSCLC patients, regardless of histology. In most cases, systemic treatment is deferred until the results of this test are received. (Source: Lung)

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