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Transbronchial Versus Transesophageal Needle Aspiration Using an Ultrasound Bronchoscope for the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions: A Randomized Study.

Conclusions:Both EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA provide high accuracy with good tolerance, though the occurrence of infectious complications should be monitored carefully. EUS-FNA has the advantage of comparable tolerance with fewer doses of anesthetics and sedatives, shorter procedure time, and fewer oxygen desaturations during the procedure. Trial registration:UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry; Identifier: UMIN000005757. Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the tolerance, efficacy and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) versus transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with an EBUS scope for the first pathological diagnosis of lesions accessible by both procedures. Methods: Patients who had a...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Saudi Arabia

The National IHR Focal Point of Saudi Arabia has reported additional laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to WHO. Between 11 August and 28 September 2014, 15 cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) including 4 deaths were reported to WHO. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

The impact of sleep and hypoxia on the brain: potential mechanisms for the effects of obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose of reviewObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, highly prevalent, multisystem disease, which is still largely underdiagnosed. Its most prominent risk factors, obesity and older age, are on the rise, and its prevalence is expected to grow further. The last few years have seen an exponential increase in studies to determine the impact of OSA on the central nervous system. OSA-induced brain injury is now a recognized clinical entity, although its possible dual relationship with several other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is debated. The putative neuromechanisms behind some of the effects of OSA on the central nervous system are discussed in this review, focusing on the nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Recent findingsRecent preclinical and...

Alternatives to continuous positive airway pressure 2: mandibular advancement devices compared

Purpose of reviewAlthough mandibular advancement devices (MADs) provide an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), their effectiveness and role remain unclear. Several recent studies and an updated meta-analysis have attempted to address these uncertainties. This review examines their contribution to the existing evidence and discusses the future priorities for MAD research. Recent findingsRecent work has examined the impact of MAD design on clinical and cost-effectiveness in milder disease. A robust comparison of CPAP and MADs in more severe OSA has reported equivalent improvements in several important health outcomes. Other notable contributions have examined compliance, definitions of treatment success and longer term outcomes ...

Study finds clue to why colds trigger asthma

ConclusionIt is well known that respiratory infections such as colds or flu can trigger asthma symptoms in those who have the condition. This study demonstrates how, in people with asthma, infection with the common cold virus (rhinovirus) causes an increase in levels of the inflammatory protein IL-25 in the cells lining the airways. This sets off an inflammatory process that could be causing the asthma symptoms. As the researchers suggest, the findings indicate that using a drug to block IL-25 could be a promising way to try to prevent people with asthma getting worse symptoms if they catch a cold.The research is in its early stages, and further studies will now be needed to develop an IL-25-blocking treatment that shows enough promise to be tested in human trials. While there is no guara...

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