Authors: Smith M, Berger U, Behrendt H, Bergmann KC Abstract Pollen grains only represent a small fraction of the total amount of the viable biological particles present in the air, but pollen are the most important aeroallergens in the outdoor environment. The analysis of pollen has traditionally been carried out by microscopy, which can be traced back to the 17th century. Modern advances in molecular analysis could improve information for allergy sufferers and health care professionals. Pollen allergy (pollinosis) was first described in the 19th century. The prevalence of respiratory diseases increased dramatically during the latter part of the 20th century and millions of individuals are now affected. A number of scientists devised equipment to examine airborne biological partic...

Authors: Sağıroğlu G, Baysal A, Copuroğlu E, Gül Y, Karamustafaoğlu Y, Dogukan M Abstract Introductıon: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a preferred treatment in acute respiratory failure after operations. Our aim is to investigate the success of early use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) after cardiac or thoracic surgeries to prevent reintubation. METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, 254 patients were divided into two groups depending on the time period between extubation and the application of BIPAP. In Group 1 BIPAP was applied after extubation within 48 hours after surgery following fulfilling of acute respiratory failure criterias whereas, in Group 2, BIPAP was applied one hour after extubation for two episodes of 20 minute duration and 3 hours ap...

CONCLUSIONS: Loaded deep inhale exercise has a remarkable effect on improving pulmonary function of mild and moderate COPD. PMID: 25419402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine)

Authors: Kyd J, Krishnamurthy A, McGrath J, Browne J, Vahedi F Abstract The dynamic interactions of the major respiratory microbial pathogens are complex. An understanding of the impact on naturally acquired immune responses to respiratory polymicrobial commensal bacteria is slowly evolving. Maintaining a micro-floral balance and the host's ability to respond to imbalances associated with disease is critical. Studies of acquired immune responses have found that both antibody and cellular immune responses are suppressed by the presence of multiple bacteria when compared with colonization by the single microbe. Microbes interact with the mucosal epithelium through a range of receptor-ligand interactions, including interactions with Toll-like receptors and adhesion molecules. Regulati...