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[Recognize and classify pneumoconiosis.]

Authors: Hering KG, Hofmann-Preiß K Abstract BACKGROUND: In the year 2012, out of the 10 most frequently recognized occupational diseases 6 were forms of pneumoconiosis. With respect to healthcare and economic aspects, silicosis and asbestos-associated diseases are of foremost importance. The latter are to be found everywhere and are not restricted to large industrial areas. PROBLEM: Radiology has a central role in the diagnosis and evaluation of occupational lung disorders. In cases of known exposure mainly to asbestos and quartz, the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, with few exceptions will be established primarily by the radiological findings. As these disorders are asymptomatic for a long time they are quite often detected as incidental findings in examinations for other reaso...

Pathogenesis and Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are broadly classified as skin and soft tissue infections, isolated lung disease, and visceral or disseminated disease. The degree of underlying immune abnormalities varies between each classification. Skin and soft tissue infections are usually the result of iatrogenic or accidental inoculation of NTM in otherwise normal hosts. Visceral and disseminated NTM disease invariably occurs in individuals with more severe immunosuppression. Although the focus of this article is to discuss the pathogenesis of NTM lung disease, the risk factors of visceral/disseminated NTM disease are also summarized as they provide insights into host-defense mechanisms against these organisms. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)

Osteopontin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Smokers and ex-smokers

Conclusion Serum level of osteopontin is increased in COPD patients and decreases with cessation of smoking. It has no relation to disease severity. (Source: Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis)

Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Statins against Influenza.

Authors: Mehrbod P, Omar AR, Hair-Bejo M, Haghani A, Ideris A Abstract The influenza virus (IV) is known to be a resistant virus with frequent mutations, causing severe respiratory diseases in the upper respiratory system. Public health concerns about clinical efficacy of all conventional drugs are ambiguous; therefore, finding additional therapeutic agents is critical to prevent and control influenza outbreaks. Influenza is associated with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Scientists have reported that anti-inflammatory drugs, with pleiotropic effects, reduce the burden of severe influenza diseases. Therefore, statins, which are cardioprotective drugs with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, may help patients suffering from influenza virus (IV). This review d...

Sleeping With the Enemy: Sleep and Quality of Life in Patients With Lung Cancer

Conclusion:Poor sleep quality is common in patients receiving treatment for NSCLC and is related to poorer QOL and respiratory symptoms. Implication for Practice:Patients with NSCLC require routine screening for sleep disturbances. A positive screen for sleep disturbance warrants a thorough sleep assessment using practice guidelines and, if necessary, referral to a sleep specialist for diagnosis and treatment. (Source: Cancer Nursing)

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