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Systematic reviews of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).

Allergic rhinitis is common worldwide, with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. In patients who don't respond adequately to anti-allergic drugs. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy is effective although requires specialist administration. Sublingual immunotherapy may represent an effective and safer alternative.

This Cochrane systematic review is an update of one published in 2003. We searched Cochrane ENT Group Trials Register, Central, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Biosis Previews, Cambridge Scientific Abstarcts, mRCT and additional sources.

We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled trials of sublingual immunotherapy in adults and children. Two authors selected studies and assessed them for quality. Data were put into RevMan 5.0 for a statistical analysis. We used standardised mean difference (SMD), with a random effect model to combine data. Sixty studies were included, with 49 suitable for meta-analysis. We found significant reductions in symptoms (SMD -0.49; 95%CI (-0.64 to -0.34, P < 0.00001)) and medication requirements (SMD -0.32; 95%CI (-0.43 to -0.21, P < 0.00001)) compared with placebo. None of the trials reported severe systemic reactions, anaphylaxis or use of Adrenaline.

This updated review reinforces the conclusion of the original 2003 Cochrane Review that sublingual immunotherapy is effective for allergic rhinitis and appears a safe route of administration.

Comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit.

To describe the clinical presentation and course of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection, and compare them with children admitted to the PICU with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods:  hMPV was identified by immunofluorescence in 22 children admitted to the PICU over a 16-month period. The medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical and laboratory data were compared with 66 children admitted to the PICU with positive tests for RSV over the same period.

Results:  Children admitted to the PICU with hMPV were significantly older than children with RSV (P= 0.003). Children with hMPV presented more commonly with pneumonia or pneumonitis (29% vs. 16%), and less commonly with bronchiolitis (43% vs. 68%) than RSV (P= 0.13). Invasive ventilation was required in 10 patients (48%) with hMPV, and non-invasive ventilation was required in a further 5 (28%), similar to patients with RSV. Children with hMPV were more likely to have an underlying co-morbidity (P= 0.11).

Conclusions:  Children admitted to the PICU with hMPV have a similar disease presentation and severity as children admitted with RSV, including some with extremely severe disease who require additional ventilatory or cardiovascular support. Children with hMPV are likely to be older than those with RSV, and more likely to present with pneumonia and less likely to present with bronchiolitis.

Effect of successful surgical treatment on changes of position during sleep in adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of position during sleep as determined by polysomnography before and after upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with no response to surgery ("nonresponse group") and in those who did have a response to surgery ("response group").

Personalizing Therapy with Targeted Agents in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

In the last 6 years, since the first reports of an association between somatic mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exons 19 and 21 and response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically. Based on laboratory and clinical observations, investigators have anticipated that these mutations could be predictive of response to EGFR TKIs and numerous studies have confirmed that the presence of mutation was associated with longer survival in patients receiving targeted therapy.

Prospective trials comparing standard platinum-based chemotherapy with EGFR TKIs in patients with and without activating EGFR mutations validated the predictive value of molecular selection of patients for first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Recently, preclinical and first-in-human studies have demonstrated impressive activity of ALK TKI in tumors harboring ALK rearrangement. In this article, we review current data on molecular biology of lung cancer and evidence-based patient selection for targeted therapy.

Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Satellite Tumors*

Aim of the study was to identify factors affecting survival in patients with lung cancer and satellite tumors (ST).

METHODS: Between 2001 and 2008, there were 102 patients with synchronous multiple lung cancers among the 1355 lung resections performed in lung cancer patients. Satellite tumors were found to be near the primary lung cancer (PLC) in 29 patients.

RESULTS: Complete resection was achieved in all patients, and the 5-year survival rate was 52 %. The independent "T" stages of the PLCs and STs did not affect survival ( P = 0.98 and P = 0.54, respectively). A distance between the PLC and ST longer or shorter than 2, 3, or 4 cm also did not affect survival ( P = 0.78, P = 0.57, and P = 0.62, respectively). The survival of patients treated with adjuvant therapy was significantly higher than that of patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy ( P = 0.0043).

CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory survival was achieved after surgical therapy for non-small cell lung cancer associated with ST. While the PLC and ST characteristics and the distance between tumors did not affect survival rates, the introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy positively affected survival.

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