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Mechanisms of gas exchange response to lung volume reduction surgery in severe emphysema

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves lung function, respiratory symptoms, and exercise tolerance in selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who have heterogeneous emphysema. However, the reported effects of LVRS on gas exchange are variable, even when lung function is improved.

To clarify how LVRS affects gas exchange in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 23 patients were studied before LVRS, 14 of whom were again studied afterwards. We performed measurements of lung mechanics, pulmonary hemodynamics, and ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) inequality using the multiple inert-gas elimination technique. LVRS improved arterial Po2 (PaO2) by a mean of 6 Torr (P = 0.04), with no significant effect on arterial Pco2 (PaCO2), but with great variability in both. Lung me...

Vaccination Via Nasal Spray More Effective Against Flu

Nasal vaccines that effectively protect against flu, pneumonia and even bioterrorism agents such as Yersinia pestis that causes the plague, could soon be a possibility, according to research presented at the Society for General Microbiology's Spring Conference in Harrogate. Professor Dennis Metzger describes how including a natural immune chemical with standard vaccines can boost their protective effect when delivered through the nose. The respiratory tract is a major entry site for various viral and bacterial pathogens...

International Study Finds Treatment For Rare Lung Disease

An Oregon Health & Science University researcher has co-authored an international study that revealed a drug approved to prevent rejection in organ transplant patients helped treat a rare lung disease in women.

The life-threatening disease has no cure and, until now, no known treatment. The clinical trial of the drug - called sirolimus - was the first randomized, controlled study designed to develop a therapy for the lung disease, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, or LAM. LAM is a progressive, cystic lung disease that occurs almost exclusively in women...

Respiratory Strength Training: Concept and Intervention Outcomes

Respiratory muscle strength training (RMST) focuses on increasing the force-generating capacity of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The choice of respiratory muscles that are targeted using RMST depends on the outcome desired.

For example, if an individual has reduced inspiratory muscle strength due to a neurogenic injury and is unable to ventilate the lungs, then inspiratory muscle strength training may be the chosen rehabilitation target. On the other hand, if a professional voice user is complaining of difficulty generating adequate vocal loudness during song production and is suffering from laryngeal dysfunction, then an expiratory muscle strength training paradigm may be the chosen rehabilitation target. Our ...

Corticosteroids for pneumonia

Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews Background Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs and treatments differ depending on the type and severity. Corticosteroids can influence immune regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, electrolyte balance and stress response. However, the benefits of corticosteroids for patients with pneumonia remains unclear.

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in the treatment of pneumonia.   Search strategy We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 11) which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to December ...

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