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The effects of regular physical activity on adult-onset asthma incidence in women

Potential benefit of physical activity in asthma incidence is scarce and controversial. We aimed to assess the association between regular physical activity and adult-onset asthma.

Methods: We included 51,080 women from a French cohort study, and followed them from 1993 to 2003. Physical activity at baseline was defined as time spent in household and leisure time physical activity, converted to metabolic equivalents (METs), and categorised in tertiles. Adult-onset asthma during follow-up was defined according to the American Thoracic Society criteria.

Results: Mean age at baseline was 53 years, 13% of women were current smokers, 19% were overweight or obese, and 56% were postmenopausal; 512...

 

Effect of indacaterol on exercise endurance and lung hyperinflation in COPD

Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, once-daily ultra long-acting β2-agonist (ultra-LABA) for the treatment of COPD. This study investigated the effect of indacaterol on exercise endurance, and on lung hyperinflation during exercise and at rest in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study (3-week treatment, 3-week washout between treatments), patients were randomized to receive indacaterol 300 μg once-daily or matching placebo. The primary efficacy variable was exercise endurance time after 3 weeks of treatment, measured through constant-load cycle ergometry testing performed at 75% of the peak work rate in a screening incremental exercise test.

Results: Of 90 patients randomized (mean age:...

 

Oral montelukast in acute asthma exacerbations: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Although leukotriene receptor antagonists have an established role in the management of patients with chronic asthma, their efficacy in an acute asthma exacerbation is not fully known.

Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not human milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent atopic manifestations in children and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with allergic symptoms in children. Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of cow's milk allergy.

Objective Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict atopic manifestations in childhood and up to age 20 years.

Methods A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The children were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of allergic symptoms, with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE.

Results Children and adolescents with respiratory allergic symptoms and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of allergic symptoms in the recipient infant. However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of subsequent allergic symptoms and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with subsequent allergic symptoms in the recipient infant. The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of respiratory allergy and sensitization.

Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a cytokine with multiple biological activities. It contributes to host defense against pathogens, whereas accelerated production of IL-6 plays a significant pathological role in various diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, leading to approval of this innovative drug for the treatment of these diseases.

Since IL-6 has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the development of various other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, tocilizumab can be expected to become a novel drug for such diseases as well.

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