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Respiratory care year in review 2010: part 1. asthma, COPD, pulmonary function testing, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Respiratory care year in review 2010: part 1. asthma, COPD, pulmonary function testing, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Respir Care. 2011 Apr;56(4):488-502

Authors: Rubin BK, Dhand R, Ruppel GL, Branson RD, Hess DR

The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature related to asthma, COPD, pulmonary function testing, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Topics covered related to asthma include genetics and epigenetics; exposures; viruses; diet, obesity and exercise; exhaled nitric oxide; and drug therapy (β agonists, macrolides, tiotropium and monteleukast). Topics covered related to COPD include childhood disadvantage factors and COPD; vitamin D deficiency and COPD; β-blockers and COPD; corticosteroid therapy during COPD exacerbations; oxygen administration during pre-hospital transport of patients with COPD exacerbation; and prognosis of patients admitted to the hospital for COPD exacerbation. Topics related to pulmonary function testing include methods and techniques; predicted values; natural history, pulmonary function in health and disease; and the COPD controversy. Finally, the paper includes the following topics related to ventilator-associated pneumonia: the tube, the intubation route, and the cuff; mechanical ventilation; the bundle; and cost. These topics were chosen and reviewed in a manner that is most likely to have interest to the readers of Respiratory Care.

PMID: 21496376 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Best practice in the provision of nebuliser therapy.

Best practice in the provision of nebuliser therapy.

Nurs Stand. 2011 Apr 6-12;25(31):50-6; quiz 58

Authors: Kelly C, Lynes D

Nebulisation is an important and common method of administering medication to patients with respiratory disease. Although the routine use of nebulisers is contentious, they are helpful when the patient is unable to use other devices, perhaps because of illness or poor dexterity, and are recommended in certain clinical situations, such as acute, life-threatening asthma. This article aims to inform nurses of current evidence regarding the advantages and limitations of nebuliser therapy. Patient experiences of receiving nebulisers are discussed, as well as the importance of cleaning and maintaining the equipment.

PMID: 21560711 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Observational Study of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Outcomes for COPD Patients with Pneumonia.

CONCLUSIONS: For patients with COPD, prior ICS use is independently associated with decreased risk of short-term mortality and use of mechanical ventilation following hospitalization for pneumonia. PMID: 21512168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

Bronchial Secretory IgA Deficiency Correlates With Airway Inflammation and Progression of COPD.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that epithelial structural abnormalities lead to localized SIgA deficiency in COPD airways. Impaired mucosal immunity may contribute to persistent airway inflammation and progressive airway remodeling in COPD. PMID: 21512171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

Early-Onset COPD is Associated with Female Gender, Maternal Factors, and African American Race in the COPDGene Study.

CONCLUSIONS: These observations support the hypothesis that severe, early-onset COPD is prevalent in females and influenced by maternal factors. Future genetic studies should evaluate 1) gene-by-gender interactions to address sex-specific genetic contributions and 2) gene-by-race interactions. Abstract word count: 238 Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, female, African Americans. PMID: 21562134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

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