Conclusions Salvage peramivir provided a better prognosis than monotherapy with oseltamivir in patients who infected with H1pdm09 or type B virus and developed respiratory distress. Systemic corticosteroid should be administered after initiating NAI therapy, especially in patients with chronic lung disease. (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection)

Abstract Chronic infection in non-CF bronchiectasis is an important risk factor for disease progression, poor quality life, admission to hospital and perhaps reduced life expectancy. The use of long-term oral and inhaled antibiotics has been included in expert consensus-based guidelines but until recently supporting evidence has been weak. The design, duration and size of adequately powered clinical trials remain challenging, and this has been reflected in some of the reported outcomes. In addition, the tolerability of nebulised antibiotics remains an issue. Despite this, it is now possible to include inhaled antibiotics in treatment strategies and be more specific about antibiotic choice and dose. New inhaled antibiotic options continue to be developed. The most difficult challen...

Conclusions EBUS-TBNA is a useful initial diagnostic procedure, aiding decisions for the management of patients with suspected lymphoma, even though the sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosing lymphoma with subtype classification was lower than previously reported. (Source: Respiratory Investigation)

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Magnetic resonance imaging in children: common problems and possible solutions for lung and airways imaging.

Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Sep 5;

Authors: Ciet P, Tiddens HA, Wielopolski PA, Wild JM, Lee EY, Morana G, Lequin MH

Abstract
Pediatric chest MRI is challenging. High-resolution scans of the lungs and airways are compromised by long imaging times, low lung proton density and motion. Low signal is a problem of normal lung. Lung abnormalities commonly cause increased signal intenstities. Among the most important factors for a successful MRI is patient cooperation, so the long acquisition times make patient preparation crucial. Children usually have problems with long breath-holds and with the concept of quiet breathing. Young children are even more challenging because of higher cardiac and respiratory rates giving motion blurring. For these reasons, CT has often been preferred over MRI for chest pediatric imaging. Despite its drawbacks, MRI also has advantages over CT, which justifies its further development and clinical use. The most important advantage is the absence of ionizing radiation, which allows frequent scanning for short- and long-term follow-up studies of chronic diseases. Moreover, MRI allows assessment of functional aspects of the chest, such as lung perfusion and ventilation, or airways and diaphragm mechanics. In this review, we describe the most common MRI acquisition techniques on the verge of clinical translation, their problems and the possible solutions to make chest MRI feasible in children.

PMID: 26342643 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]