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Autoantibodies against tumor-related antigens: new tools for early detection of lung cancer.

Because of its development marked by a long preclinical phase and the difficulties to screen patients, lung cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, even in high-risk populations.

The advent of new molecular tools, including proteomics, has promoted the study of the humoral response to cancer and has allowed the demonstration of the appearance of a large number of autoantibodies against tumor antigens in the serum of patients.

In this article, we describe the different molecular approaches used to identify autoantibodies and immunogenic proteins and we present the different clinical studies applied to early detection of lung cancer. Early trials demonstrated the development of a humoral response several months before the first radiographic or clinical signs. Further studies are under evaluation and are intended to identify early forms of cancer in populations with high cancer risk.

Many efforts are made in the implementation of robust and reproducible tests that could help to the emergence in the future of such biological tools in clinical practice.

A Live-attenuated Listeria Vaccine (ANZ-100) and a Live-attenuated Listeria Vaccine Expressing Mesothelin (CRS-207) for Advanced Cancers: Phase 1 Studies of Safety and Immune Induction.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vaccines stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity.

ANZ-100 is a live-attenuated Lm strain (Lm ΔactA/ΔinlB). Uptake by phagocytes in the liver results in local inflammatory responses, and activation and recruitment of NK and T cells, in association with increased survival of mice bearing hepatic metastases. The Lm ΔactA/ΔinlB strain, engineered to express human mesothelin (CRS-207), a tumor-associated antigen expressed by a variety of tumors, induces mesothelin-specific T cell responses against mesothelin-expressing murine tumors.

These two Phase 1 studies test ANZ-100 and CRS-207 in subjects with liver metastases and mesothelin-expressing cancers, respectively.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A single intravenous injection of ANZ-100 was evaluated in a dose escalation study in subjects with liver metastases. Nine subjects received 1x10(6), 3x10(7), or 3x10(8) colony forming units [cfu]. CRS-207 was evaluated in a dose-escalation study in subjects with mesothelioma, lung, pancreatic or ovarian cancers. 17 subjects received up to 4 doses of 1x10(8), 3x10(8), 1x10(9), or 1x10(10) cfu.

RESULTS: A single infusion of ANZ-100 was well tolerated to the maximum planned dose. Adverse events included transient laboratory abnormalities and symptoms associated with cytokine release. Multiple infusions of CRS-207 were well tolerated up to 1x10(9) cfu, the determined maximum tolerated dose. Immune activation was observed for both ANZ-100 and CRS-207 as measured by serum cytokine/chemokine levels and NK cell activation. In the CRS-207 study, Listeriolysin O and mesothelin-specific T cell responses were detected and 37% of subjects lived > 15 months.

CONCLUSIONS: ANZ-100 and CRS-207 administration was safe and resulted in immune activation.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Pregnancy

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a group of disorders characterized by abnormal respiratory patterns or abnormal gas exchange during sleep. The most common type of SDB, especially among young obese women, is obstructive sleep apnea. SDB has clearly been linked to poor sleep and impaired daytime function, but there are also data linking SDB to other health outcomes, principally cardiovascular and metabolic disease. SDB symptoms are common in pregnancy, and pregnancy itself has been associated with an increase in the prevalence of SDB symptoms. Although a link between SDB and adverse pregnancy outcomes appears to be biologically plausible, data exploring this relationship are only now emerging, and large prospective studies in which the authors use objective measures of sleep are l...

Persistent Asthma Symptoms - Simple Night-time Airflow Device Helps

According to a study published online in Thorax, asthma patients can improve their quality of life and ease persistent asthma symptoms during daytime by using a simple device called Protexo, which filters airborne asthma triggers from the air during sleep. The device, a temperature controlled laminar airflow treatment (TLA) displaces warmer air containing irritants and allergens, such as house dust mite and pet hairs with a constant, slightly cooled airflow in the patient's sleeping area... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the DoctorsInChains.org campaign for the health workers in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Can Apneagraphy Change Our Approach in Management of Snoring and Sleep Apnoea

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery

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