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Does outdoor air pollution induce new cases of asthma? Biological plausibility and evidence; a review

It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes.

The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta‐analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta‐analysis of cohort studies found an association between asth...

Macrolides for macrophages in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and multi‐factorial, and is mediated by both pulmonary and systemic factors.1 Patients with COPD suffer frequent exacerbations that require medical intervention.

Innate immunity to influenza in chronic airways diseases

Influenza presents a unique human infectious disease that has a substantial impact on the public health in general, and especially for those with chronic airways diseases. People with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are particularly vulnerable to influenza infection and experience more severe symptoms with the worsening of their pre‐existing conditions.

Recent advances in reverse genetics and innate immunity has revealed several influenza virulence factors and host factors involved in influenza pathogenesis and the immune responses to infection. Early innate immunity plays a critical role of limiting viral infection and spread, however the underlying mechanisms that lead to enhanced susceptibility to influenza infection and severe symptoms in those with asthma an...

Tobacco smoke exposure and allergic sensitization in children: A propensity score analysis

Conclusions : Using propensity score methods to rigorously control for confounding factors we found that early life ETS exposure reduces the risk of allergic sensitization in children aged 2‐3 years, but only in children with a positive maternal history. There is a strong association between early life ETS and the development of allergic sensitization for children without maternal history.

Preoperative Six‐Minute Walking Distance Does Not Predict Pulmonary Complications In Upper Abdominal Surgery

Conclusions : The results of the present study suggest that the six‐minute walking test is not a useful tool to identify subjects with increased risk of developing PPC following UAS.

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