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Tools of the Trade: Point-of-Care Ultrasonography as a Stethoscope

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 068-087DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570353Since the advent of portable ultrasonography machines, many providers, including intensivists and pulmonologists, have been trained in point-of-care ultrasonography. When point-of-care ultrasonography is performed with focused clinical question and goal in mind, it serves as a valuable adjunct to physical examination and facilitates patient care and disease management. Its clinical application is now wider than that of a stethoscope in the intensive care unit where the noise level is high. In this review article, crucial ultrasonographic findings, their clinical implication, and their limitations are discussed in the most commonly targeted organ systems: cardiac, thoracic, abdominal, and vascular. In addition, recent st...

Later emergence of acquired drug resistance and its effect on treatment outcome in patients treated with Standard Short-Course Chemotherapy for tuberculosis

The failure of current Standard Short-Course Chemotherapy (SCC) in new and previously treated cases with tuberculosis (TB) was mainly due to drug resistance development. But little is known on the characterist... (Source: BMC Pulmonary Medicine)

New oncogenes drivers in lung cancer—new therapeutic targets

Abstract Many advances have been achieved during the last decade in the field of lung cancer molecular biology, leading to the identification of potential new oncogene drivers and new therapeutic targets. However, only two targetable biomarkers are currently approved for lung cancer treatment: EGFR activating mutations and EML4-ALK rearrangements. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and was the first to be studied. Indeed, most of lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers were identified several years ago. Nevertheless, new therapies targeting these biomarkers are still investigated. More recently, new oncogene drivers have been identified in the field of lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer, and new agents are being developed to target the...

Rationale for and design of the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-PRospective Outcomes (IPF-PRO) registry.

CONCLUSIONS: The IPF-PRO registry will improve understanding of the natural history of IPF, its impact on patients and current practice in the diagnosis and care of patients with IPF. The registry will establish a repository of biological samples from a well-characterised patient population for future research. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01915511. PMID: 26835134 [PubMed] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Correlation between heart rate variability and pulmonary function adjusted by confounding factors in healthy adults.

In this study, our objective was to determine whether HRV correlates with spirometric indices in adults without cardiopulmonary disease, considering the main confounders (e.g., smoking and physical inactivity). In a sample of 119 asymptomatic adults (age 20-80 years), we evaluated forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). We evaluated resting HRV indices within a 5-min window in the middle of a 10-min recording period, thereafter analyzing time and frequency domains. To evaluate daily physical activity, we instructed participants to use a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Physical inactivity was defined as <150 min/week of moderate to intense physical activity. We found that FVC and FEV1, respectively, correlated significantly with the following aspects of...

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