Abstract Many advances have been achieved during the last decade in the field of lung cancer molecular biology, leading to the identification of potential new oncogene drivers and new therapeutic targets. However, only two targetable biomarkers are currently approved for lung cancer treatment: EGFR activating mutations and EML4-ALK rearrangements. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and was the first to be studied. Indeed, most of lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers were identified several years ago. Nevertheless, new therapies targeting these biomarkers are still investigated. More recently, new oncogene drivers have been identified in the field of lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer, and new agents are being developed to target the...