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Transbronchial needle aspiration: where are we now?

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Lung cancer, as the leading cause of cancer-related motility and mortality worldwide, usually ends up with poor prognosis, despite abundant progress of therapeutic approaches. Early diagnosis and staging is extremely critical and directly affects clinical managements and outcomes.

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), serving as an effective tool, has been widely used for mediastinal and hilar lung cancer staging. Recent advance in bronchoscopy introduces ultrasound probe to regular bronchoscope, resulting in TBNA procedures real-time visualized. Here, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of conventional TBNA (cTBNA) and ultrasound-guided TBNA by comparing the instruments, methodology as well as the anatomy.

We believe these two techniques are not competitive but complementary, judging the indications of patients for different technique would be a raising issue applied for pulmonologists.

RSV, the leading cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide: genetic signature identified

Scientists have identified the genetic signature of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of infant hospitalizations around the world. The work is a key step toward a better understanding of the immune response to RSV, which will aid the development of a vaccine and a tool that could allow physicians to determine the severity of the infection when symptoms first develop. The study, from a team at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, was published this week in PLOS Medicine. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Persistent Effects of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy on Lung Function and Asthma in Adolescents.

Conclusions: Maternal smoking in pregnancy increases risk of asthma and wheezing in adolescence; mechanisms go beyond reducing lung function and exclude altering immune function or enhancing atopy. PMID: 24251622 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

Chronic bronchitis in COPD patients is associated with increased risk of exacerbations: a cross‐sectional multicentre study

ConclusionsCB prevalence in GOLD stage 2–4 COPD patients is high. CB is related to current tobacco smoking, and prevalence increases with COPD severity and duration, emphysema and age. CB could be the hallmark of a subtype of COPD easy to identify in clinical practice, associated with increased disease severity and increased risk of exacerbation. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice)

Three Principles for Prescribing Antibiotics to Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (FREE)

By Kelly Young The American Academy of Pediatrics has laid out three simple principles for prescribing antibiotics to children with upper respiratory tract infections. The recommendations, published in Pediatrics, are intended to address the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

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