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The effect of long-term macrolide treatment on respiratory microbiota composition in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: an analysis from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled BLESS trial

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2014 Source:The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Author(s): Geraint B Rogers , Kenneth D Bruce , Megan L Martin , Lucy D Burr , David J Serisier Background Long-term macrolide treatment has proven benefit in inflammatory airways diseases, but whether it leads to changes in the composition of respiratory microbiota is unknown. We aimed to assess whether long-term, low-dose erythromycin treatment changes the composition of respiratory microbiota in people with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Methods Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of sputum samples from participants in the BLESS trial, a 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of twice-daily erythromycin ethylsuccinate (400 mg) in adult patients with n...

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: clinical associations and outcomes

Conclusion: Follow-up is recommended because idiopathic NSIP may be the first manifestation of a systemic autoimmune disease. (Source: BMC Pulmonary Medicine)

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Saudi Arabia

Between 27 and 30 October 2014, the National IHR Focal Point of Saudi Arabia (KSA) notified WHO of 12 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 3 deaths. The cases are from Riyadh (5), Taif (4), Hafr Albatin (1), Jouf (1) and Makkah (1). The median age of the patients is 56 years old (ranging from 30 to 90 years old). Eight cases (67%) are men and 8 (67%) are Saudi nationals. Eleven cases (92%) suffer from 1 or more comorbidities. In the 14 days that preceded the onset of symptoms, none of the cases performed Umrah/Hajj nor travelled out of their cities of residence. Only 1 case (8%) has a history of contact with animals and of raw camel products consumption. Seven cases (67%) – 2 of which were healthcare professionals – came in co...

Lung Ultrasonography May Provide an Indirect Estimation of Lung Porosity and Airspace Geometry

Conclusions: Airspace geometry, frothy nature and porosity are the determinants of the different behavior of ultrasound interacting with the subpleural lung parenchyma. Chest ultrasound may thus be interpreted as an indirect ‘estimator' of lung porosity.Respiration (Source: Respiration)

The Role of Extracellular Matrix Quality in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Discussions about the ECM have focused on the role of protein quantity in relation to the progression of PF, while the importance of lung ECM quality, defined by the levels of ECM protein modifications and by the protein distribution in lung tissue, has not been properly addressed. The quality and function of proteins may be altered by different post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as cross-linking, proteolytic cleavage, citrullination, misfolding and glycosylation. This paper is the first to review key data from the literature related to the lung ECM at the molecular level, relate these to changes observed at a macroscopic level and evaluate which PTMs most likely contribute to PF. This paper also reviews the role of novel neo-epitope-specific biomarkers in the early diagnosis an...

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