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Tobacco Smoke: A Risk Factor for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?: A Case-Control Study

Background:

Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular, lung, and many other diseases. Smoking can induce pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in animal models; PAH is common in smokers with COPD and thereby not correlated with the degree of airway obstruction. The impact of tobacco smoke exposure on the development of PAH in humans is not known.

 Methods:

In a case-control study we assessed smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in all patients with PAH and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) seen at our pulmonary hypertension clinic from 2002 until July 2008. Data from patients with PAH were compared with CTEPH and healthy control subjects from the Swiss Health Survey 2007.

 Results:

Ninety-one patients with PAH were compared with 64 patients with CTEPH and 18,747 control subjects (women 58, 36, 10,331, respectively). Tobacco smoking was significantly more common in PAH compared with CTEPH and control subjects. This difference could be attributed to men. Patients with PAH also smoked longer and more heavily compared with patients with CTEPH. In addition, secondhand smoke exposure was significantly longer in nonsmokers with PAH compared with control subjects.

 Conclusion:

Our data indicate that tobacco smoke exposure may be a risk factor for men with PAH. Considering smoking as a risk factor for PAH will have implications in counseling patients and especially their hitherto unaffected relatives. Further research on the pathogenetic role of smoking in PAH is warranted.

Low vitamin D linked to bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children

Results from an Italian study show that low serum levels of vitamin D are common in children with asthma and are associated with reduced lung function and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Fruit intake linked to reduced risk for childhood asthma symptoms

An increased intake of fruit is associated with a reduced risk for asthma symptoms and sensitization to inhalant allergens in children, research suggests.

Supplements and exercise benefit malnourished COPD patients

Malnourished chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients benefit from nutritional supplementation combined with low-intensity exercise, results from a Japanese study show.

Oncomutations as biomarkers of cancer risk.

Related Articles

Oncomutations as biomarkers of cancer risk.

Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010 Oct-Dec;51(8-9):836-50

Authors: Parsons BL, Myers MB, Meng F, Wang Y, McKinzie PB

Cancer risk assessment impacts a range of societal needs, from the regulation of chemicals to achieving the best possible human health outcomes. Because oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations are necessary for the development of cancer, such mutations are ideal biomarkers to use in cancer risk assessment. Consequently, DNA-based methods to quantify particular tumor-associated hotspot point mutations (i.e., oncomutations) have been developed, including allele-specific competitive blocker-PCR (ACB-PCR). Several studies using ACB-PCR and model mutagens have demonstrated that significant induction of tumor-associated oncomutations are measureable at earlier time points than are used to score tumors in a bioassay. In the particular case of benzo[a]pyrene induction of K-Ras codon 12 TGT mutation in the A/J mouse lung, measurement of tumor-associated oncomutation was shown to be an earlier and more sensitive endpoint than tumor response. The measurement of oncomutation by ACB-PCR led to two unexpected findings. First, oncomutations are present in various tissues of control rodents and "normal" human colonic mucosa samples at relatively high frequencies. Approximately 60% of such samples (88/146) have mutant fractions (MFs) >10(-5), and some have MFs as high as 10(-3) or 10(-4). Second, preliminary data indicate that oncomutations are present frequently as subpopulations in tumors. These findings are integrated into a hypothesis that the predominant preexisting mutations in particular tissues may be useful as generic reporters of carcinogenesis. Future research opportunities using oncomutation as an endpoint are described, including rodent to human extrapolation, dose-response assessment, and personalized medicine.

PMID: 20740637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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