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[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women].

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing worldwide, mainly due to the increase in women.

In developed countries, COPD in women is mainly a result of exposure to tobacco smoke and in developing countries to inhalation of biomass combustion products. Underdiagnosis of COPD is more common in women since this disease has classically been associated with men. Moreover, COPD in women shows certain differential features, such as a greater expression of aspects related to perception (dyspnea and health-related quality of life), a high prevalence of malnutrition, anxiety and depression, and a distinct distribution of emphysema from that in men.

Better phenotypical characterization of COPD in women would allow its impact...

Correlation of pulmonary function variables with hemodynamic measurements in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Conclusion:  In patients with suspected PAH, invasive hemodynamic measurements of PAH do not correlate with PFT variables, even when corrected for spirometric volumes, and regardless of the subgroup of ventilatory physiology or clinical diagnosis. Please cite this paper as:  Correlation of pulmonary function variables with hemodynamic measurements in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.  [PubMed - in process] ()

Retrograde Lacrimal Duct Airflow During Nasal Positive Pressure Ventilation

Noninvasive ventilation is widely used for chronic respiratory failure in children with neuromuscular disorders, thus avoiding the need for tracheostomy. However, the pressures required to support ventilation in these children may be considerably higher than those necessary to treat obstructive sleep apnea.

The complications of nasal positive airway pressure are numerous, including skin breakdown, conjunctivitis, nasal congestion, airway dryness, pneumothorax, and bowel obstruction. Ophthalmologic complaints are particularly common, largely attributed to an air leak in the mask.

In the present case, we demonstrate, through two modalities—video and CT scan—retrograde airflow through the nasolacrimal duct causing sleep disruption and eye irritation in a profoundly hypotonic 14-mo...

Estimation of Lung's Air Volume and Its Variations Throughout Respiratory CT Image Sequences

A respiratory image-sequence-segmentation technique is introduced based on a novel image-sequence analysis.

The proposed technique is capable of segmenting the lung's air and its soft tissues followed by estimating the lung's air volume and its variations throughout the image sequence. Accurate estimation of these two parameters is very important in many applications related to lung disease diagnosis and treatment systems (e.g., brachytherapy), where the parameters are either the variables of interest themselves or are dependent/independent variables. The concept of the proposed technique involves using the image sequence's combined histogram to obtain a reasonable initial guess for the lung's air segmentation thresholds.

This is followed by an optimization process to find the optimum ...

Missing teeth linked to COPD QoL

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have missing teeth or a high plaque index have a lower quality of life, on average, than those with good periodontal health, research shows.

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