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Impact of non-linear smoking effects on the identification of gene-by-smoking interactions in COPD genetics studies

Conclusion In study samples of subjects with a wide range of COPD severity, a non-linear relationship between pack-years of smoking and FEV1 is likely. In this setting, approaches that account for this non-linearity can be more powerful and less biased than the more common approach of using total pack-years to model the smoking effect. (Source: Thorax)

Respiration: control of ventilation

Abstract: Rhythmic ventilation is an automatic process controlled by the central nervous system. Groups of cells in the brainstem, predominantly the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups, are responsible for generating basic respiratory rhythm. This basic rhythm is subject to modulation by both conscious and reflex actions. In normal individuals the respiratory minute volume is set to closely regulate arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) at approximately 5.3 kPa, predominantly via a negative feedback reflex involving the central chemoreceptors. A separate group of chemoreceptors, the arterial chemoreceptors, are responsible for initiating the increased ventilatory response to counter arterial hypoxia, but a brisk response is not seen until PaO2 levels fall to approximately 8.0 kPa from ...

Measurement of respiratory function: ventilation

Abstract: Measurement of ventilatory function is often impeded by poor technique when individuals perform tests of respiratory function. Static lung volumes (with the exception of residual volume and other capacities that contain residual volume) can be easily measured with spirometry. Residual volume and functional residual capacity can be measured using helium dilution or body plethysmography, although neither of these techniques is used in daily clinical practice. Dead space (the volume of gas not participating in gas exchange) can be measured using a single-breath nitrogen washout technique, or by application of the Bohr equation. Dynamic volumes measure airflow through the lungs, and often require individuals to perform a forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvre. Data generated from such...

Validation of scoring systems for predicting severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Conclusion España rule performed well in identifying patients with severe CAP. As a result, each of the severity scores has advantages and limitations for predicting adverse outcomes. PMID: 21921369 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Novel Drug May Slow Lung Decline in IPF (CME/CE)

(MedPage Today) -- Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had significantly fewer acute exacerbations and showed a trend toward a slower decline in lung function when treated with an investigational tyrosine kinase inhibitor, investigators in a multinational study reported. (Source: MedPage Today Pulmonary)

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