This article focuses on the malignant additional pulmonary nodule in the same lobe as the known primary tumor, in a different lobe in the same lung as the known primary tumor, and in the contralateral lung. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)

This article focuses on modifiable risk factors, including tobacco smoking, occupational carcinogens, diet, and ionizing radiation. It also discusses briefly the molecular and genetic aspects of lung carcinogenesis. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)

The last decade has heralded a paradigm shift in the evaluation and treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No longer are patients with NSCLC considered a homogeneous population treated in the same way; rather, clinical characteristics, histology, and an expanding array of molecular markers are increasingly being used to individualize therapy. Both histology and tumor epidermal growth factor receptor mutational status currently have firmly established roles in determining initial and salvage therapy for advanced NSCLC. Several other biomarkers are the focus of ongoing prospective randomized clinical trials customizing both traditional chemotherapy and newer molecularly targeted agents. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)

The National Lung Screening Study has demonstrated that screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography results in fewer deaths from lung cancer compared with screening with chest radiography (CXR). Previous trials of screening with CXR and sputum cytology failed to exhibit fewer deaths compared with no screening intervention. Early computed tomography (CT) studies showed promise for CT to be a more sensitive test, yet were unable to demonstrate sufficient evidence of efficacy. This review examines the problem of early lung cancer detection, the issues presented by screening, and results of past and recent studies of lung cancer screening. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)