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Tissue engineering for pulmonary diseases: Insights from the laboratory

Recent advances in stem cell research and tissue engineering have opened new paradigms for future therapies towards many intractable diseases. Many tissue engineering approaches are also applied in the pulmonary research field. Several materials have been utilized as scaffolds to support lung tissue engineering to recapitulate the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the lung.

Natural products and synthetic polymers are the two major components of the scaffold materials. Decellularization of allogeneic or xenogenic donor lungs is also utilized to obtain biological 3D matrix scaffolds. Decellularized lungs are recellularized with stem or progenitor cells. Cell sources are the key components for tissue engineering. The best cell source for tissue engineering is autologous cells obta...

Year in review 2011: Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and airway biology (Reee Fulltext)

A recent estimate by the World Health Organization estimated that over half a billion people across the globe suffer from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease alone and the incidence is increasing. Last year, 2010, was the year of the lung, and one of its primary objectives was to increase awareness and promote increased research funding for respiratory diseases. This has had some tangible positive effects.

This year the European Respiratory Society's research framework highlighted the disparity between funding for Respiratory Research in Europe versus the impact to the disease. The European Respiratory Society also provided a series of recommendations to tackle this disparity, which are germane to us all. A major challenge is and has been the lack of any cures for these diseases and as such greater emphasis needs to be directed towards developing ways to restore pulmonary structure and function. However, such high impact discoveries must first be disseminated and subjected to peer review before being translated into practice or policy.

In this review, we describe some important advances in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinical and basic research and highlight specific contributions to these areas published in Respirology.

Emerging evidence of Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition in lung carcinogenesis

The epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that regulates embryonic morphogenesis and involves significant morphological and molecular changes in cells. Experimental models have revealed that EMT also contributes to various malignant features of cancer cells, including motile, invasive, anti‐apoptotic and stem‐like phenotypes.

Clinically, correlative studies have indicated that mesencymal‐like features of tumor cells are associated with poor tumor differentiation as well as worse patient prognosis. Nevertheless, due to its transitory nature, demonstration of an actual occurrence of EMT during human carcinogenesis is challenging, and most of the evidence to date has been limited to breast and colorectal cancers. However, recent studies sugges...

Combination of Roflumilast with a Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Inhibits Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Mediator Release from Human Lung Fibroblasts

Conclusions: These results demonstrate that addition of roflumilast to a LABA inhibits primary fibroblast/myofibroblast function and therapeutically this may impact lung fibroblast proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release which contributes to small airway remodeling and airway obstruction in COPD.

APSR Postgraduate Session: How to Write Research Papers and Grants

This review article summarises the content of a series of interrelated workshop presentations from the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology held in Shanghai in November, 2011.

The article describes tips and strategies for writing research papers and research grant applications and includes discussion of: the role of pulmonologists in research; the debates around the use of the journal impact factor; tips for writing manuscripts and publishing research in high impact journals; how journals assess manuscripts and the most common reasons editors reject manuscripts; how to write grant applications and what grant panels look for in successful proposals; and how to undertake research in resource limited countries.

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