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US and European Severe Asthma Cohorts: What can they teach us about Severe Asthma?

AbstractAsthma is a global health problem affecting around 300 million patients of all ages and ethnic groups in all countries around the world. In the majority of subjects with persistent, mild to moderate asthma, the disease can be relatively well controlled by the use of currently available medications, however five to ten per cent of patients suffer from a particularly severe disease that is poorly controlled clinically and often refractory to usual treatment. Improved care of severe asthma is a major unmet medical need and several international consortia aim at improving our understanding of mechanisms in severe asthma. In order to manage severe asthma better, standardized definitions and concepts of asthma severity, risk and level of control are critical. Below we present several gui...

Lung Function Of Patients With Severe Emphysema Improved With Tiny Implanted Coil

A tiny, resilient metal wire designed to gather and compress diseased lung tissue may offer relief to patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema, a subtype of the disease that involves specific, usually isolated areas of the lungs, according to the results of a multicenter international trial conducted in the Netherlands, Germany and France.

The wire, called a lung volume reduction coil (LVRC), can be easily implanted and is designed to take the place of more invasive procedures used to improve the lung function of emphysema patients...

Invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation

Early recognition of patients who might potentially require ventilatory support is a key goal of critical care outreach programs and an important skill for all hospital medical staff.

Decisions about the initiation and timing of invasive ventilation can be difficult and early discussion with critical care colleagues is essential. Appropriateness of invasive ventilatory support may also be an issue requiring advanced discussion with patients and their families.

In the past 10–15 years, the role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has expanded, not least in an attempt to minimize the complications inherent with invasive ventilation. As such, NIV is now considered first-line therapy in some conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary oedema, mild-to-moderate hypoxae...

Opportunistic and fungal infections of the lung

Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving chemotherapy or with haematological malignancy, aplastic anaemia or HIV infection, or recipients of solid-organ or stem cell transplants.

In addition, the increasing use of biological therapies will result in more patients at risk of opportunistic infections, albeit to a lesser degree than classic causes of immunocompromise. The type and degree of immune defect dictates the profile of potential opportunistic pathogens; T-cell mediated defects increase the risk of viral (cytomegalovirus and respiratory viruses) and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections, whereas neutrophil defects are associated with bacterial pneumonia and invasive aspergillosis. Howeve...

Prenatal Exposure To Pollution Harmful For Kids With Asthma

The fact that air pollution, childhood lung growth and respiratory problems are associated with prenatal exposure has been shown in numerous studies in recent years. A new study that will be presented at the ATS 2012 International Conference in San Francisco now indicates that these prenatal exposures could pose a particular risk for children with asthma...

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