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Targeting genomic alterations in squamous cell lung cancer.

Squamous cell lung cancer causes approximately 400,000 deaths worldwide per year. Identification of specific molecular alterations, such as activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions have led to significant therapeutic gains in patients with adenocarcinoma. However, meaningful therapeutic gains based on the molecular pathobiology of squamous cell lung cancer have not yet been realized.

A comprehensive genomic characterization of 178 cases of squamous cell lung cancer has recently been reported. Squamous cell lung cancer appears to be characterized by a broader and more complex group of genomic alterations than adenocarcinoma.

In this review, potentially targetable genes or pathways in squamous cell lung cancer are emphasized in relation to available therapeutic agents in development or active clinical trials. This organization of data will provide a framework for development for clinical investigation. Squamous cell lung cancer appears to be characterized by not only driver mutations in candidate genes but also gene copy number alterations resulting in tumor proliferation and survival.

Better understanding of these genetic alterations and their use as therapeutic targets will require broad collaboration between industry, government, the cooperative groups, and academic institutions with the ultimate goal of rapid translation of scientific advancement to patient benefit.

Nonsmall cell lung cancer therapy: insight into multitargeted small-molecule growth factor receptor inhibitors.

To date, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, among which nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises about 85%. Taking into account the side effects of surgery, radiation, platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, and the growth self-sufficiency characteristic of cancer cells, drugs have been discovered toward growth factor receptor (GFR) to treat NSCLC. As expected, these drugs provide a greater benefit.

To increase the efficacy of such growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs), coinhibition of GFR signaling pathways and combination of inhibitors along with radiation or chemotherapy have drew intense insight. Although clinical trials about single-agent RTKIs or their combination strategies suggest their increase potency against cancer, they are not beyond adverse effects, and sometimes the effects are more deadly than chemotherapy.

Nevertheless the hope for RTKIs may be proved true by further researches and digging deep into cancer therapeutics.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - update

WHO has been informed of an additional three laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Saudi Arabia. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

Fibroblasts: the missing link between fibrotic lung diseases of different etiologies?

Bruno Crestani and colleagues discuss the importance of lung fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic target for fibrotic lung diseases of different etiologies in light of the microarray study from Lindahl et al. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Development of a Modified BODE Index as a Mortality Risk Measure Among Older Adults With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Authors: Roberts MH, Mapel DW, Bruse S, Petersen H, Nyunoya T Abstract The BODE index was developed as a prognostic mortality risk tool for persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It incorporates 4 measures: body mass index, lung obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity. The intent of this study was to examine how well a BODE-like index constructed using a simpler lung function measure, peak expiratory flow, in combination with physical functioning and symptom information more readily found in survey data (a quasi-BODE index), performs in identifying persons at higher risk of mortality and whether it may be extended as an assessment of mortality risk to persons without diagnosed COPD. Using US national survey data from the Health Retirement Study for 2006-2010...

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