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Nanoparticles and the lung: friend or foe?

Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field with high potential for developing novel research, diagnosis, and/or therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. However, for engineered nanomaterials to reach their true potential, there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding nanomaterial vs. tissue properties that dictate lung cellular uptake, distribution, and intracellular effects, and particle vs. tissue factors that determine toxicity vs. beneficial effects in the lung. Some of these key questions are highlighted in this Perspectives. Addressing these important issues will help improve nanoparticle design and enhance enthusiasm for more widespread use of nanotechnology in pulmonary medicine. (Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)

Respiratory-Related Leg Movements and Their Relationship with Periodic Leg Movements During Sleep

Conclusion:The time structure of leg movements occurring in conjunction with respiratory events exhibit features of periodic leg movements in sleep occurring alone, only with a different and longer period. This brings into question the validity, both biologic and clinical, of scoring conventions with their a priori exclusion from consideration as periodic leg movements in sleep.Citation:Manconi M; Zavalko I; Bassetti CL; Colamartino E; Pons M; Ferri R. Respiratory-related leg movements and their relationship with periodic leg movements during sleep. SLEEP 2014;37(3):497-504. (Source: Sleep)

Bronchial thermoplasty for moderate or severe persistent asthma in adults.

CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial thermoplasty for patients with moderate to severe asthma provides a modest clinical benefit in quality of life and lower rates of asthma exacerbation, but no significant difference in asthma control scores. The quality of life findings are at risk of bias, as the main benefits were seen in the two studies that did not include a sham treatment arm. This procedure increases the risk of adverse events during treatment but has a reasonable safety profile after completion of the bronchoscopies. The overall quality of evidence regarding this procedure is moderate. For clinical practice, it would be advisable to collect data from patients systematically in independent clinical registries. Further research should provide better understanding of the mechanisms of action of br...

Aetiology, antimicrobial therapy and outcome of patients with community acquired severe sepsis: a prospective study in a Norwegian university hospital

Conclusions: Community acquired severe sepsis is common. Initial clinical aetiology is often revised. Compliance with recommendations for empirical antimicrobial treatment is lowest in elderly patients. Our results emphasizes that quick identification of correct source of infection, proper sampling for microbiological analyses, and fast administration of adequate antimicrobial agents are crucial points in the management of severe sepsis. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)

New Phase III data demonstrate tiotropium Respimat

Boehringer Ingelheim has announced new data from large scale, Phase III studies showing that once-daily tiotropium delivered via the Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler improved lung function and was well tolerated in patients with varying degrees of asthma severity.1 These data were presented at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) 2014 annual meeting in San Diego. The first results from the Phase III GraziaTinA-asthma® study demonstrated that tiotropium Respimat® 5 mcg and 2. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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