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Description and Predictive Value of a Novel Method for Determining the Respiratory Compensation Point Using Standard Scores

Abstract: Bellar, DM, Judge, LW, and Davis, GR. Description and predictive value of a novel method for determining the respiratory compensation point using standard scores. J Strength Cond Res 29(5): 1433–1438, 2015—The ability to use data from tests of maximum aerobic capacity to estimate the ventilatory threshold and point of respiratory compensation (RCP) is useful for coaches and practitioners in the development of training schemes. Current methods for determining the RCP generally involve identifying deflections in respiratory variables when examined alongside minute ventilation. This investigation describes a novel mathematical method for determining RCP using standard scores (Z-scores) for minute ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption ( ). This method allows for the point wher...

Anesthesia for Advanced Bronchoscopic Procedures: State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract The bronchoscopic procedures have seen a remarkable increase in both numbers and complexity. Although many anesthesia providers have kept pace with the challenge, the practice is varied and frequently suboptimal. Shared airway during bronchoscopy poses unique challenges. The available reviews have tried to address this lacuna; however, these have frequently dealt with the technical aspects of bronchoscopy than anesthetic challenges. The present review provides evidence-based management insights into anesthesia for bronchoscopy—both flexible and rigid. A systematic approach toward pre-procedural evaluation and risk stratification is presented. The possible anatomical and physiological factors that can influence the outcomes are discussed. Pharmacological principles g...

Misdiagnosis Among Frequent Exacerbators of Clinically Diagnosed Asthma and COPD in Absence of Confirmation of Airflow Obstruction

Conclusions Objective confirmation of AO is essential in preventing misdiagnosis in frequent severe exacerbators of clinically diagnosed asthma and COPD, a third of whom have neither. Spirometry utilization is strongly associated with a reduced risk of misdiagnosis. Smoking is associated with increased risk of misdiagnosis in severe COPD, but not asthma. (Source: Lung)

Host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Purpose of review: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalization in young infants and causes 100 000–200 000 deaths annually. There is still no licensed vaccine against RSV infection and the therapeutic options are mainly supportive. Despite almost six decades of research, important knowledge gaps remain with respect to the characterization of immune mechanisms responsible for protection and pathogenesis, as well as to the identification of risk factors that predict the severity of infection. Recent findings: Observations made in mouse models and young children suggest that the early innate immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis due to RSV infection. Recent studies have improved our understanding...

Assessment of Small Airways with Computed Tomography: Mosaic Attenuation or Lung Density?

Background: Computed tomography (CT) assessment of air trapping has been considered useful as a measure of small airway disease. Mean lung density (MLD) and the percentage of the lung field occupied by low attenuation area (LAA%) can be evaluated automatically, and their expiratory/inspiratory (E/I) ratios correlate with asthma severity and spirometry parameters. However, mosaic attenuation, another indicator of air trapping, has been assessed visually, and its functional relevance remains controversial. Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to correlate mosaic attenuation, which was assessed visually and automatically, and the E/I ratios of MLD and LAA% (defined as areas (Source: Respiration)

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