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CD4(+) T helper-2 (Th2) cells, which produce a unique profile of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 pro-inflammatory cytokines, are thought to be central in the orchestration and amplification of allergic asthma. However, a novel non-T/non-B lymphoid cell population, named type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), that produces high amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 was recently discovered. Unlike Th2 cells, these ILC2s are not antigen-restricted and are activated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33.

In this review, we will focus on recent studies, mainly involving allergen-based mouse models, that have provided evidence for a significant contribution of ILC2 to allergic airway information.