Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and multi-factorial, and is mediated by both pulmonary and systemic factors.
Patients with COPD suffer frequent exacerbations that require medical intervention. © 2012 The Authors. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.
