Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via ILs and IFNs; reciprocal regulation and counter balance among Th and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions.

Here, we review current knowledge about ILs 1 to 37 and IFN-γ. Our understanding of the effects of ILs has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte IL (called IL-1) and lymphocyte IL (called IL-2); more than 40 cytokines are now designated as ILs. Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about IL and IFN functions.

We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.

Author:Mübeccel Akdis, Simone Burgler, Reto Crameri, Thomas Eiwegger, Hiroyuki Fujita, Enrique Gomez, Sven Klunker, Norbert Meyer, Liam O’Mahony, Oscar Palomares, Claudio Rhyner, Nadia Quaked, Anna Schaffartzik, Willem Van De Veen, Sabine Zeller, Maya Zimmermann, Cezmi A. Akdis
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