Background: In community-acquired pneumonia host inflammatory response against the causative microorganism is necessary for infection resolution. However an excessive response can have deleterious effects. In addition to antimicrobial effects, macrolide antibiotics are known to possess immunomodulatory properties.We aimed to evaluate inflammatory cytokine profiles ? both locally (bronchoalveolar lavage) and systemically (blood) ? in community-acquired pneumonia admitted patients after at least 72?hours of antibiotic treatment (with and without macrolide containing regimens) and requiring bronchoscopic examination for inadequate response due to infection progression and/or lack of clinical stability. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 52 admitted patients who developed an inadequ...